The final text of the 2023 climate agreement has been adopted by 197 countries and the EU
The final negotiations for the Co28 climate agreement have concluded with 197 countries and the European Union (EU) adopting a text that signals a global transition away from fossil fuels.
The final text, however, omitted the text many countries wanted to be included, which is the phasing down and eventual phasing out of all types of fossil fuels.
Following outrage over a draft published on 11 December, which omitted phasing down or out of all fossil fuels, a new draft was published on 13 December, which has been agreed upon.
The draft text published on 11 December states: “Reducing both consumption and production of fossil fuels, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, so as to achieve net zero by, before, or around 2050 in keeping with the science”.
The revised draft that has been approved in the final session calls on countries to contribute to transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems.
The 11 December draft, which stated that in order to limit global warming to 1.5C, greenhouse gas emissions must peak by 2025, has also been revised to “it recognises in scientific modelling that emissions are projected to peak by 2025”.
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The final text also recommends tripling renewable energy capacity to 11,000GW by 2030 and doubling energy efficiency annually to 4 per cent during the same time frame.
In addition, the agreement recommends a rapid phasedown of unabated coal and limits on permitting new and unabated coal power generation.
