Doshan had lost 17 members of her wider family since the war began, she said. She was poised to set out from Deir al-Balah in central Gaza, where she has been living in a tent, for the ruins of her home.

“Even if I have to put my tent on rubble it will be OK, because I will be home,” she said. “Nowhere can satisfy me now apart from home.”

The destruction of the Gaza Strip is immense. According to a recent analysis by the United Nations Satellite Centre, 69% of all structures and 68% of roads have been destroyed or damaged, as of December. About 46,700 people have been killed, according to the Hamas-run health ministry.

Israel set out to destroy Hamas in Gaza in October 2023, after the group attacked southern Israel, killing about 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages.

For Gazans, the joy of the long-awaited ceasefire has been tempered by the scale of the death and destruction. “By God, it is a mixed feeling,” said Wael Muhammad, a freelance journalist living in a refugee camp in central Gaza.

“From one moment to another, from joy to pain,” he said. “I am happy that the torrent of blood will stop, but we are living in misery.”

Trump’s record in office is a mixed one when it comes to the Middle East.

On the one hand he pleased Israel and upset the Arab world by recognising Jerusalem as Israel’s capital as well as Israel’s annexation of the occupied Golan Heights. But he also secured the Abraham Accords in 2020 which saw the UAE, Bahrain and Morocco establish full diplomatic relations with Israel and Sudan agree to do so.

Trump was, and is, hawkish on Iran.

In 2018, he pulled the US out of the Iran nuclear deal, the so-called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Calling it “the worst deal in history”, he shared the views of many governments in the region that the deal, aimed at curbing Iran’s nuclear ambitions, failed to tackle Iran’s ballistic missile programme while enriching the Revolutionary Guards with money then used to fund proxy militias around the region.

In 2020, to Iran’s fury but to the satisfaction of many in the Gulf Arab states, Trump ordered the assassination of Qasem Soleimani, the leader of the Revolutionary Guards’ Quds Force.

But today’s Middle East is not the same as the one when Trump left the White House.

Israel is at war with Hamas and Hezbollah, and exchanged blows with both the Houthis in Yemen and their backers in Iran.

Under the Biden administration US influence in the region is seen to have waned with a White House largely ineffective at restraining its close ally, Israel, as it wages war in Gaza and Lebanon.

In a significant development that underscores Poland’s growing military aspirations and security concerns, the Polish Ministry of National Defense has sealed a deal with the United States to acquire 96 AH-64E Apache helicopters. This move not only strengthens Poland’s defense capabilities but also marks a historic purchase for the country, making it the largest operator of these advanced attack helicopters outside the United States. However, this ambitious acquisition contrasts sharply with the ongoing delays faced by India, another key customer of the Apache, which is still waiting for the delivery of helicopters ordered nearly four years ago.

On August 13, 2024, Poland’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense, Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, officiated the signing ceremony of a landmark defense deal with the United States. The agreement, valued at approximately $10 billion, encompasses the supply of 96 AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, alongside an extensive array of associated equipment, armaments, and support services. This deal signifies a major upgrade for the Polish Armed Forces, allowing them to replace their aging Soviet-era Mil Mi-2 and Mi-24 helicopters with the most modern attack helicopters available on the global market.

Kosiniak-Kamysz, speaking at the ceremony, emphasized the significance of this acquisition for Poland’s defense strategy. “Today we are making a milestone with regards to equipping the Polish Armed Forces with the most modern AH-64E Apache attack helicopters,” he declared, underscoring the government’s commitment to bolstering the country’s military preparedness amidst rising security challenges, particularly in light of Russia’s ongoing aggression in Ukraine.

Strategic Importance of the Apache Helicopters

The AH-64E Apache, manufactured by Boeing, is hailed as the world’s most advanced multi-mission attack helicopter. It is equipped with cutting-edge technology that enhances its operational capabilities, including superior thrust and lift, joint digital operability, improved survivability, and cognitive decision aiding systems. These features make the Apache a formidable asset for modern military forces, capable of performing a wide range of combat missions, from direct attack to reconnaissance.

Poland’s decision to procure these helicopters is a clear indication of its intention to modernize its military and align more closely with NATO standards. The new Apaches will be deployed to the 1st Aviation Brigade, based in Inowrocław, which is tasked with providing air support to the Polish land forces. The brigade’s location in western Poland is strategically significant, offering a quick response capability to potential threats emanating from the east.

Beyond the helicopters themselves, the deal includes a comprehensive package of armaments, such as 508 Stinger 92K Block I missiles, 460 AGM-179A Joint Air-to-Ground Missiles, and 1,844 AGM-114R2 Hellfire missiles. These munitions will significantly enhance the Polish military’s firepower, enabling it to conduct precision strikes against armored targets and fortifications, thereby increasing its deterrent capabilities.

Poland’s Defense Strategy Amid Regional Tensions

The acquisition of the Apache helicopters is part of a broader strategy by Poland to strengthen its military in response to the deteriorating security situation in Eastern Europe. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine, triggered by Russia’s invasion in 2022, has heightened fears of potential Russian aggression against other countries in the region. Poland, as a frontline NATO state, has been particularly vigilant, rapidly expanding its defense capabilities through a series of high-profile acquisitions.

In recent years, Poland has significantly increased its defense budget, focusing on modernizing its armed forces and enhancing interoperability with NATO allies. The purchase of the AH-64E Apaches is the latest in a series of military procurements that include advanced fighter jets, tanks, and missile defense systems. This strategy reflects Poland’s determination to safeguard its sovereignty and contribute to the collective security of the NATO alliance.

Kathleen Jolivette, Vice President and General Manager of Boeing’s Vertical Lift division, highlighted the significance of this deal for both Poland and Boeing. “Poland’s commitment to procure 96 aircraft represents the largest FMS order in the history of Boeing’s Vertical Lift division and will not only make Poland our 19th global Apache customer but the largest operator outside of the United States,” she noted. This deal not only solidifies Poland’s status as a key player in European defense but also marks a major milestone for Boeing, reinforcing its dominance in the global market for attack helicopters.

While Poland is poised to significantly boost its military capabilities with the acquisition of Apache helicopters, India, another major customer of the AH-64E, is grappling with delays in the delivery of its own order. In 2020, India signed a $600 million deal with the United States to purchase six Apache helicopters for its Army Aviation Corps. These helicopters were intended to complement the Indian Air Force’s existing fleet of Apaches and enhance the Army’s combat readiness, particularly along its western borders with Pakistan.

However, nearly four years after the deal was signed, the Indian Army is still waiting for the arrival of its first batch of Apaches. The helicopters were scheduled to be delivered in two batches of three, with the first batch expected in May or June 2024. Yet, as of now, the delivery has been delayed by several months, with no clear indication of when the helicopters will arrive in India.

The reasons for the delay in delivering the Apache helicopters to India remain unclear. According to sources within India’s Ministry of Defense, as cited by Indian media, the delays may be due to technical issues being experienced by Boeing. However, these claims have not been independently verified, and the precise nature of the problems causing the delay has not been disclosed.

This delay is particularly concerning for India given the critical role the Apaches are expected to play in the Army’s operations. The helicopters were purchased with the specific intent of bolstering the Army’s offensive capabilities on the Western front, where India faces continuous security challenges from Pakistan. The Apache’s advanced targeting systems, speed, and firepower make it an ideal platform for close air support missions and anti-armor operations in this volatile region.

India’s decision to acquire the Apache helicopters for its Army Aviation Corps was heavily influenced by the Indian Air Force’s positive experience with the platform. In 2015, the Indian Air Force signed a deal to purchase 22 Apache helicopters, all of which have since been delivered and are in active service. These helicopters have proven their worth in various exercises and operational scenarios, earning high praise for their performance and reliability.

However, the delay in delivering the Army’s Apaches has led to frustration within the Indian defense establishment, particularly given the current security environment. The Indian Army’s first Apache Squadron was established in March 2024 at Nagtalao, Jodhpur, in anticipation of the helicopter’s arrival. This squadron is intended to play a crucial role in the Army’s air operations, and the delay in receiving the helicopters has disrupted the planned operational deployment.

India-US Defense Relations

The delay in delivering the Apache helicopters to India could have broader implications for India-US defense relations. Over the past two decades, India has emerged as one of the largest importers of US defense equipment, and the two countries have deepened their strategic partnership across various domains. The purchase of the Apache helicopters was seen as a testament to the growing defense ties between the two nations, and any significant delay in delivery could strain this relationship.

Moreover, the delay raises questions about the reliability of the supply chain for US-made defense equipment, particularly at a time when India is looking to diversify its defense procurement sources. India’s defense planners may now be prompted to reassess the timelines and risks associated with purchasing critical military equipment from foreign suppliers, especially in light of the ongoing geopolitical uncertainties.

Poland’s acquisition of 96 AH-64E Apache helicopters marks a significant milestone in its military modernization efforts and reflects the country’s commitment to enhancing its defense capabilities in response to regional security threats. The deal not only positions Poland as the largest operator of Apaches outside the United States but also strengthens its role within the NATO alliance.

In contrast, India’s experience with its Apache helicopter order has been marred by delays, highlighting the challenges and uncertainties that can arise in complex defense procurement processes. As India awaits the delivery of its helicopters, the contrast with Poland’s swift and decisive acquisition underscores the varying dynamics that can affect military modernization efforts in different geopolitical contexts.

For both Poland and India, the Apache helicopter represents a critical component of their defense strategies. While Poland moves forward with confidence, India must navigate the uncertainties of delayed deliveries and the potential impact on its military readiness. This tale of two countries serves as a reminder of the complexities involved in global defense procurement and the importance of timely and reliable delivery of critical military assets.

Malaysia’s Ministry of Defence is currently in anticipation of a pivotal decision from the Kuwaiti government concerning its interest in acquiring F/A-18 Legacy Hornet aircraft from the Kuwait Air Force (KAF). This potential acquisition marks a significant step in enhancing Malaysia’s aerial defense capabilities. The discussions, initiated by Defence Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin, highlight Malaysia’s keen interest in these fighter jets, particularly given the recent evaluations conducted by the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF).

The McDonnell Douglas (now part of Boeing) F/A-18 Hornet aircraft are renowned for their versatility and combat performance. Malaysia’s interest in these jets stems from their proven track record and the strategic advantage they would bring to the RMAF. Last June, a technical team from the RMAF was dispatched to Kuwait to assess the aircraft, underscoring the serious intent behind this potential acquisition.

During a recent interaction, Defence Minister Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin articulated Malaysia’s interest, stating, “We are in the process, and we can only hope that the Kuwaiti government will consider our request. Formally, we haven’t made the acquisition yet, but informally they are aware because we have sent our teams to assess the aircraft.” This statement, made during an event in Perak and reported by BERNAMA, reflects the current status of the negotiations.

In a further demonstration of diplomatic engagement, Mohamed Khaled recently received Kuwait’s ambassador to Malaysia, Rashed Mohammed Rashed ALSALEH. This courtesy visit included discussions on Malaysia’s interest in the Kuwaiti Air Force’s F/A-18 Hornet aircraft, with the RMAF Chief, General Tan Sri Mohd Asghar Khan Goriman Khan, also in attendance.

Technical Evaluation and Condition of Kuwaiti Aircraft

The RMAF technical team’s visit to Kuwait involved detailed discussions and assessments related to the acquisition of these fighter jets. General Tan Sri Mohd Asghar Khan highlighted that the Kuwaiti Air Force’s F/A-18D Hornet aircraft are in commendable condition with lower operational hours compared to the existing RMAF Hornets. “RMAF still hopes to acquire the F/A-18D Hornet fighter jets even though the Arab country had to maintain and upgrade their existing Hornets due to delays in the delivery of the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet aircraft purchased by Kuwait,” he explained. This insight is crucial as it assures that the aircraft Malaysia aims to acquire are not only functional but also have significant operational lifespan left, which would be a valuable addition to the RMAF’s fleet.

The acquisition of the Kuwaiti F/A-18 C/D Hornet aircraft is seen as a strategic stop-gap measure for Malaysia until the RMAF is equipped with new Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA). The Kuwaiti Air Force’s decision to retire its F/A-18 C/D aircraft follows its acquisition of more advanced F/A-18 E/F Super Hornets and Eurofighter Typhoons. This transition in Kuwait’s air force opens up the opportunity for Malaysia to bolster its own air defense capabilities.

Kuwait has procured 28 Super Hornet jets, which include 22 single-seat F/A-18E and six two-seat F/A-18F models, intended for operations from Ahmed al-Jaber Air Base. Additionally, Kuwait’s purchase of 28 Eurofighter Typhoons, developed by BAE Systems and estimated at US$8.7 billion, further showcases its modernization efforts, providing a window for Malaysia to negotiate for the Legacy Hornets.

In a statement on his Facebook account, Defence Minister Mohamed Khaled expressed Malaysia’s appreciation for the positive developments in bilateral and defense relations between Malaysia and Kuwait. He noted that defense cooperation between the two countries would be further strengthened through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to be signed in the near future. This MoU is expected to encompass various aspects of military collaboration, including ‘Military-to-Military Cooperation,’ defense industry collaboration, and discussions on the conflict in Gaza, as indicated by the minister.

Acquiring the Kuwaiti F/A-18 Hornets would significantly enhance Malaysia’s defense readiness. The jets would serve as a critical interim solution, bridging the gap until the RMAF’s MRCA program materializes. This acquisition is part of a broader strategy to modernize the Malaysian military and ensure the country is prepared to face any aerial threats.

Furthermore, this move is aligned with Malaysia’s ongoing efforts to strengthen its defense infrastructure amidst growing regional tensions and the need for robust air defense mechanisms. By integrating these advanced aircraft into its fleet, Malaysia aims to maintain a strategic advantage in Southeast Asia.

As Malaysia awaits Kuwait’s decision, the potential acquisition of the F/A-18 Legacy Hornet aircraft stands as a testament to the enduring defense ties between the two nations. This strategic move not only enhances Malaysia’s air defense capabilities but also strengthens bilateral relations with Kuwait. With the technical evaluations and diplomatic discussions underway, Malaysia remains hopeful for a positive outcome that will bolster its military prowess in the region.

The upcoming months will be critical as both nations finalize their discussions, and the potential signing of an MoU will pave the way for deeper military cooperation. For Malaysia, securing these aircraft could mark a significant milestone in its defense modernization efforts, ensuring that the RMAF remains a formidable force in the skies.

The successful acquisition of the Kuwaiti F/A-18 Hornets could open doors for further defense collaborations between Malaysia and other nations. It sets a precedent for Malaysia’s strategic approach in acquiring advanced military technology through diplomatic channels and international partnerships.

Moreover, this move could inspire other Southeast Asian nations to pursue similar strategies, fostering a regional environment of enhanced military cooperation and collective security. As Malaysia continues to navigate its defense procurement plans, the outcome of this acquisition will be closely watched by defense analysts and military strategists worldwide.

In summary, Malaysia’s proactive steps in acquiring the F/A-18 Hornets from Kuwait highlight its commitment to strengthening its defense capabilities and its strategic foresight in ensuring national security. The nation eagerly awaits Kuwait’s decision, hopeful that this acquisition will soon become a reality, marking a new chapter in Malaysia’s defense narrative.