Polio stalks Gazans as ‘anarchy’ spreads, humanitarians warn

In a statement, Christian Lindmeier, spokesperson for the World Health Organization (WHO), said that vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) had been identified at six locations in sewage samples collected on 23 June from Khan Younis and Deir al Balah.

To date, no one has been treated in Gaza for paralysis or other symptoms caused by polio virus infection.

“It is important to note the virus has been isolated from the environment only at this time; no associated paralytic cases have been detected,” he told journalists in Geneva. As part of the response efforts, WHO in the Occupied Palestinian Territory is already working with the local health authority, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the UN agency for Palestine refugees (UNRWA) and partners to assess how far poliovirus has spread.

This work will determine the measures needed to stop any further spread, “including prompt vaccination campaigns”, the WHO spokesperson explained.

White flags

Meanwhile, the UN human rights office for the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OHCHR OPT) described evidence that the people of Gaza continue to suffer “immensely” with some “holding white flags” as they move in search of shelter.

“People are on the move from north to south, again, although they are making the journey knowing it is fraught with danger,” said Ajith Sunghay, head of OHCHR OPT. “I saw a motorbike and trailer loaded with personal possessions smouldering on the road. There was no body. But it was clear no one could have survived the strike. On the same road, I saw a bloodied donkey cart also laden with personal belongings. It too was abandoned. Why and who carried out these attacks is not clear.”

The UN human rights officer described the impact of “Israel’s dismantling” of the enclave’s capacity to maintain public order and safety in Gaza. “Our Office has documented alleged unlawful killings of local police and humanitarian workers, and the strangulation of supplies indispensable to the survival of the civilian population. Anarchy is spreading.”

“The hostile environment due to the war and the breakdown in civil order also raises enormous challenges for any meaningful humanitarian response to the mammoth needs of the people.”

Polio eradication stymied

Wild poliovirus was eradicated more than 25 years ago from Gaza thanks to a comprehensive inoculation campaign; pre-war vaccination coverage was 95 per cent in 2022, according to WHO.

But more than nine months of war, repeated mass displacement and the “decimation of the health system, lack of security, access obstruction, constant population displacement, shortages of medical supplies, poor quality of water and weakened sanitation” have created the “perfect environment” for vaccine-preventable diseases to spread – with polio just one of them – the WHO’s Christian Lindmeier noted.

Today in Gaza, only 16 out of 36 hospitals are partially functional, and 45 of the 105 primary health care facilities are operational, according to the UN health agency officer, who insisted that only a ceasefire would allow the rapid scale-up of immunization activities “to address gaps created by the ongoing war”.

From the WHO’s global Polio Eradication programme, Communications Officer Oliver Rosenbauer explained that polio virus can emerge in areas where poor vaccination coverage allows the weakened form of the orally administered vaccine virus strain to mutate into a stronger version capable of causing paralysis.

“We have genetic markers to indicate when that happens. And so these isolates that were found…have genetically mutated to the point where they could cause paralysis,” he said. “It’s not a wild (virus) but it’s still a poliovirus in the sense that it can also cause the same paralysis.”